R. Vainio
Department of Physical Sciences, University of Helsinki, Finland
Particle acceleration models proposed to be in operation in coronal mass ejections (CMEs) are reviewed. I will first briefly describe the acceleration mechanisms at a fundamental level, and then proceed to the application of these ideas to CMEs. Emphasis is put on the role of turbulence in the acceleration process, paying special attention on the differences and similarities in the acceleration of electrons and ions. Most recent modeling results are summarised and compared to relevant observations. I will conclude by outlining the needs for future modeling efforts.